Electronic and vibrational transitions excited by the electromagnetic (EM) field of light involve the motion of electrons and atoms on the length scale of 1 Å, the typical size of a molecule. In this section of Lesson 4, we will investigate electric field from a numerical viewpoint - the electric field strength.Light-matter interactions that govern most forms of spectroscopy, light harvesting, optical imaging, photodetection, optical communications, and data storage are conceptually founded on the laws of far-field optics ( 1, 2). The strength of the electric field is dependent upon how charged the object creating the field is and upon the distance of separation from the charged object. The charge alters that space, causing any other charged object that enters the space to be affected by this field. All charged objects create an electric field which extends outward into the space which surrounds it. Electric Field intensity It was stated that the electric field concept arose in an effort to explain action-at-a-distance forces. In particular, the field is strong at points where the field-lines are closely spaced, and weak at points where they are far apart. Thus, field-lines determine the magnitude, as well as the direction, of the electric field. The magnitude of the field is proportional to the number of field-lines per unit area passing through a small surface normal to the lines. Electric field-lines are drawn according to the following rules: The direction of the electric field is everywhere tangent to the field-lines, in the sense of the arrows on the lines. An electric field can be represented diagrammatically as a set of lines with arrows on, called electric field-lines, which fill space. In this section of Lesson 4, we will investigate electric field from a numerical viewpoint - the electric field strength.
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